高淀粉玉米金丰玉919及高产栽培技术

铁岭市农业科学院于2012年以TD017为母本，T0203为父本组配成杂交组合，以铁408为参试名称参加鉴定、区域试验及生产试验并于2019年获得辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定，审定名称为金丰玉919，审定编号为辽审玉20190080。其具有75.84%的籽粒干基粗淀粉含量，达到国家一级高淀粉玉米品种的标准，可作为高淀粉专用型玉米品种应用。文章介绍了金丰玉919的选育过程，特征特性，以及高产栽培技术要点，并就其适宜种植区域做出了说明。     

刈割次数对苜蓿相关表型性状与饲草产量的影响

试验选取4份苜蓿材料,设4次刈割处理,观察测试表型性状及干物质的变化动态,并用DPS7.05数据处理系统对各性状指标与饲草产量的关系进行计算分析,以探讨刈割次数对苜蓿表型性状及饲草产量的影响,为高效优质生产提供依据。结果表明,刈割频度显著影响苜蓿越冬率(P<0.05),苜蓿株高、茎粗、茎叶比、分枝数等指标均随刈割次数增加呈明显降低趋势,其中WL525苜蓿首次刈割与其他3次刈割时的株高、茎粗均呈现显著性差异(P<0.05),茎叶比差异性不显著(P>0.05);而苜蓿饲草产量则随刈割次数增多而增加,与刈割1次的情况相比,WL525苜蓿刈割4次后产量增量最多,达1885kg/hm₂;4次刈割后试验材料饲草总产量从高到底的次序依次为WL525>WL903>赛迪>惊喜。全部材料中与饲草产量关联度最大的指标为株高和茎粗,其中株高与惊喜苜蓿饲草产量的关联系数最大,达0.3751;茎粗与WL525苜蓿、WL903苜蓿饲草产量的关联系数最大,分别为0.2854、0.1944。     

叶片角度对输水泵站泵装置水力性能影响分析

为研究输水泵站泵装置水力性能受叶片角度变化的影响,采用CFD方法模拟全流道泵装置水力性能,分析设计流量工况下叶片角度变化对进水流道、出水流道流动及叶轮内部流动特性和水力性能的影响.结果表明:在设计流量工况下,叶片角度偏离设计工况角度,叶轮进口近轮毂区存在回流、脱流;叶片角度偏离设计工况角度越大,进水流道、出水流道内水流流态越差,水力损失越大.当叶片角度调节为-8°工况时,与叶片角度-0°工况比较,进水流道和出水流道水力损失相对值最大,分别为1.28和2.89.即叶片同等偏离角度下,出水流道水力损失增大幅度较进水流道更加明显.对比数值模拟结果与模型试验结果得出,在设计流量工况,叶片角度为0°时,扬程相对误差为1.2%,效率相对误差为2.1%,两者吻合较好.     

小麦矮腥黑粉菌侵染小麦子房的激光共聚焦显微观察方法

本试验利用碘化丙啶(propidium iodide)和Alexa Flour 488(AF 488)标记的麦胚凝集素(WGA)分别对小麦子房细胞和小麦矮腥黑粉菌进行染色,结合激光共聚焦显微镜成像系统获取小麦子房的三维立体图像。该技术可获得清晰的小麦子房细胞图像,并观察小麦矮腥黑粉菌在小麦子房中的侵染状况。该方法将为研究病原菌在寄主体内的分布提供可参考依据。     

Comparative performance of the highly invasive Mimosa invisa and its less invasive subspecies under different nutrient and light conditions

Invasive plants may be more plastic than non‐invasive plants and maintain high fitness under various environmental conditions. Previous studies mainly focused on the comparisons between invasive and native plants, and comparisons between highly invasive and less invasive exotic species are still relatively rare, especially for comparisons at the subspecies level. This study examined the effects of nutrient addition and shading on the performance of the highly invasive Mimosa invisa and its less invasive subspecies M. invisa var. inermis under either isolated or competitive conditions. Nutrient addition increased biomass and plant height and decreased root‐to‐shoot ratio (R/S). Shading decreased biomass and R/S and increased plant height. Under isolated conditions, the two invaders did not differ in R/S, plant height and plasticity of these traits in response to nutrient addition or shading, and the two invaders also did not differ in biomass production under each of the nutrient and light treatments. When the two invaders competed with each other, M. invisa outcompeted M. invisa var. inermis under high soil nutrient conditions, and the two invaders did not differ in performance under other growth conditions. Thus, only considering competition may we find out the difference between highly invasive species and their closely related, less invasive subspecies. Management of M. invisa should focus on habitats with high soil nutrient availability, in which M. invisa is more likely to dominate.     

绿肥翻压后减肥和基施控释肥对烟叶产质量和土壤肥力的影响

为研究绿肥（豌豆）翻压后合理施用肥料问题,采用田间小区试验,在翻压绿肥的基础上通过减少基肥用量和控释肥代替部分基肥,研究其对烟叶产量、产值和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,绿肥翻压可以提高低有机质土壤（有机质含量<10 g/kg）的有机质含量,对其他土壤化学性质无显著影响;绿肥翻压后将基肥减少15%和30%对烟叶产量、产值无显著影响,对烟叶化学成分无明显影响。在减少15%基肥后,将剩余基肥的50%以控释肥代替,可以显著提高烟叶产量和产值,提高烟叶钾含量和钾/氯比,改善烟叶品质。     

玉米早期籽粒中强表达启动子的筛选

在植物基因表达调控的过程中,启动子作为调控基因表达的顺式元件起着重要作用。为了筛选在玉米早期籽粒中强表达的启动子,选取6个启动子pCaMV35SD、pUbiquitin、pZmActin1、pZmSTK2、pZm66589和pZmbHLH148,分别构建EGFP表达载体并转染玉米原生质体,快速验证载体功能构建的正确性;同时采用花粉磁转染法将6个表达载体导入玉米自交系郑58中,并对不同启动子驱动的EGFP载体在授粉后48h玉米籽粒中的荧光强度和荧光检出率进行观察和统计分析。结果表明,6个启动子驱动EGFP表达载体构建正确;pCaMV35SD启动子驱动EGFP表达载体的荧光最强,6个启动子驱动EGFP表达载体由强到弱依次为pCaMV35SD>pZmSTK2>pZm66589>pZmbHLH148>pUbiquitin>pZmActin1,其荧光检出率分别为27.17%、27.17%、29.83%、23.84%、13.40%和30.57%。     

一株抑草真菌发酵液中的抑草成分分析

为了鉴定从桉树根际筛选到的微生物的抑草潜力和抑草成分,以桉树根际土壤中筛选到的一株真菌为材料,利用生物测试验证菌株发酵液的抑草潜力,利用GC-MS对菌株发酵液抑草成分进行验证。结果表明,不同浓度菌株发酵液对稗草的根长、株高和干重都有显著的抑制作用,对稗草根长抑制率最大为稀释50倍时,抑制率为7.55%;对稗草株高和干重抑制率最高为原液,抑制率分别为56.53%和25.46%。GC-MS鉴定共检测到86个物质,含氮化合物最多,占59.10%,其次为羧酸及酯类化合物,占19.26%。抑草物质生物测试结果表明,邻香豆酸、柠檬醛和胡椒碱在低浓度时对莴苣的根长和株高都有很强的抑制作用。表明该菌株能够产生多种化感物质的结构类似物,使得菌株发酵液具有很强的抑草作用,具有开发为微生物除草剂的潜力。     

晋中盆地典型耕地厚度、土壤养分空间变异

旨在探究旱作区耕地土壤耕层厚度及土壤养分空间格局与变异规律。以晋中盆地典型耕地土壤为研究对象,运用地统计学方法对耕地耕层厚度及土壤养分的空间变异进行分析,土壤养分选取有机质、pH、有效磷、缓效钾4个指标。结果表明：（1）各个指标的空间自相关性都是随着距离的增加而减小;（2）有效磷的半变异函数最优模型为高斯模型,其他指标的最优模型均为指数模型。各指标的块金系数由大到小依次为：有机质>有效磷>pH>耕层厚度>缓效钾;（3）耕层厚度、有效磷均为西北高东南低的空间格局,缓效钾为东北高西南低,有机质为西南高东北低,pH除北洸乡偏低外均偏高。地统计方法能良好地描述土壤性质的空间分布和变异特征,各土壤性质的空间变异过程中随机性与结构性并存,并且随机性均小于50%。     

Comparison of the microbial communities of alpacas and sheep fed diets with three different ratios of corn stalk to concentrate

The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep.